
China's largest battery energy storage is the Fulin Sodium-ion Battery Energy Storage Station in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Its initial storage capacity is 10 megawatt hours (MWh), and it is expected to reach a total capacity of 100 MWh1. The world's largest lithium-ion battery energy storage system is the Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility, which has been expanded to 750 MW/3,000 MWh2. [pdf]
In an interview with China Central Television, Gao Like, a manager at the Guangxi branch of China Southern Power Grid, said that the energy conversion efficiency of its sodium-ion battery energy storage system exceeds 92%. It’s comparable to the efficiency of common lithium-ion battery storage systems, at 85-95%.
The year 2023 saw 21.5 gigawatts (GW) of energy storage systems brought into operation in China, exceeding the previous year by 194%, according to the China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA).
China’s first major sodium-ion battery energy storage station is now online, according to state-owned utility China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage. The Fulin Sodium-ion Battery Energy Storage Station entered operation on May 11 in Nanning, the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in southern China.
In addition to lithium-ion batteries, China is commercialising other types of energy storage systems. This includes the compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology, which consists of two stages.
According to the NEA, lithium-ion battery energy storage accounted for 97 per cent of China’s operational energy storage capacity by the end of 2023, with other emerging technologies accounting for the rest.
A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) secures electrical energy from renewable and non-renewable sources and collects and saves it in rechargeable batteries for use at a later date. When energy is needed, it is released from the BESS to power demand to lessen any disparity between energy demand and energy generation.

China's energy storage battery exports have been growing significantly. In 2021, China exported 3.427 billion lithium-ion batteries, with an export value of US$28.423 billion. From January to October 2022, China exported 3.195 billion lithium-ion batteries, with an export value of US$39.754 billion1. In the first five months of 2024, China's cumulative export volume of energy storage batteries reached 8.4 GWh, a year-on-year increase of 50.1%2. From January to August 2022, China's cumulative exports of lithium-ion energy storage batteries surged by 83% year-over-year3. [pdf]
Cushman & Wakefield has released its China Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Market – New Energy for a New Era report. A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) secures electrical energy from renewable and non-renewable sources and collects and saves it in rechargeable batteries for use at a later date.
“China’s lithium battery exports rose by 27.8 per cent in one year and reached USD $65 billion and the US are currently the main importer of Chinese lithium batteries. “Prices for solar panels have fallen considerably in one year causing a decline in the monetary value of exports raising concern for oversupply issues.
Figure 2: Cumulative installed capacity of new energy storage projects commissioned in China (as of the end of June 2023) In the first half of 2023, China's new energy storage continued to develop at a high speed, with 850 projects (including planning, under construction and commissioned projects), more than twice that of the same period last year.
A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) secures electrical energy from renewable and non-renewable sources and collects and saves it in rechargeable batteries for use at a later date. When energy is needed, it is released from the BESS to power demand to lessen any disparity between energy demand and energy generation.
China has created an energy storage ecosystem with players throughout the supply chain. The upstream players are mainly battery and raw materials manufacturers, with many benefitting from first-mover advantage. Chinese manufacturers have gained a substantial market in this domain.
Localities have reiterated the central government’s goal of developing an integrated format of “new energy + storage” (such as “solar + storage”), with a required energy storage allocation rate of between 10% and 20%. China has created an energy storage ecosystem with players throughout the supply chain.

The largest energy storage mine in China is the compressed air energy storage project by Zhongchu Guoneng Technology Co., Ltd. (ZCGN). It has a capacity of 300 MW/1,800 MWh and uses an underground salt cave1. Another large energy storage project in China, with 600 megawatts of molten salt thermal storage capacity, will be located in the CGD Group Golmud City solar thermal plant in 20232. Additionally, the Hubei Yingchang project, a 300MW/1,500MWh compressed air energy storage project, was built using abandoned salt mines in Hubei, China3. [pdf]
The facility can store more than 132 million kWh of electricity per year. The country's largest operational CAES system is currently a 60 MW plant built by Chinese state-owned energy group Huaneng, Tsinghua University, and China National Salt Industry Group in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province.
Chinese state-owned energy group Huaneng, Tsinghua University, and China National Salt Industry Group have commissioned the first salt cavern for compressed air energy storage in China. The Jiangsu Jintan Salt Cavern Compressed Air Energy Storage Project is located in Changzhou, Jiangsu province.
The Jiangsu Jintan Salt Cavern Compressed Air Energy Storage Project is located in Changzhou, Jiangsu province. It has a storage capacity of 300 MWh and a power generating capacity of 60 MW. The facility features a salt cavern, situated 1,000 meters underground and owned by China National Salt Industry Group.
But according to Asia Times, China is planning to lean heavily on compressed air energy storage (CAES) as well, to handle nearly a quarter of all the country's energy storage by 2030.
China does dominate the supply chain today, both in terms of battery manufacturing and lithium refining, but HiNa’s announcement pointed out that it only has about 6% of the world’s lithium reserves for mining, whereas it has abundant reserves of the minerals for sodium-ion batteries.
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