
The heat transformation applications are classified as either open or closed-cycle systems depending on whether the working fluid operates in open/closed cycles. Open cycle systems are directly coupled with the ambient air and operate in an indefinite loop. Standalone desiccant dehumidifiers/hybrid desiccant air. . A reliable energy storage system is necessary to attain the economic feasibility of renewable energy sources because there is a mismatch between the peak electricity/cooling requirement and energy availability.. . In arid climates, extracting potable water from the ambient air is a valuable proposition since freshwater availability is severely limited,. . Achieving precise humidity control is a key consideration to thermal comfort of occupants in buildings and conducting specific industrial/manufacturing tasks. While some industrial operations need ultra-low humidity levels. [pdf]
A rotary dehumidifier consists of a rotating porous matrix made of a desiccant with mechanically supporting materials. The dehumidification performance of a rotary dehumidifier wheel depends on its rotational speed, the sorption properties of the desiccant, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the matrix, and the size of the dehumidifier.
This study presents a comprehensive experimental analysis of the dehumidification and thermal performance of a rotary dehumidifier with molecular sieve desiccant designed to effectively remove moisture from the air by utilizing coupled regeneration mode (complete waste heat liberated out of condenser and electric rod heat).
Experimental analysis of a rotary dehumidifier with molecular sieve desiccant. Performance analysis of solid desiccant dehumidifier using coupled regeneration mode. Full waste heat from condenser and electric rod heat used as coupled regeneration mode.
However, the maximum performance of a rotary dehumidifier occurs for a desiccant material having an isotherm shape that can be characterized to have a separation factor of 0.07. Also, as the desiccant moisture uptake increases, the dehumidifier performance also increases.
The results show that the using desiccant materials in a rotary dehumidifier with different adsorption characteristics results in a wide variation in dehumidification performance.
As a result of these developments, the new dehumidification technologies directly impact numerous energy-related applications, namely, outdoor coolers, heat pumps, sorption chillers, atmospheric water harvesters, indoor humidity control, and energy storage. Energy Information Administration USEI. Internaltional Energy Outlook 2019.

Typically, in LIBs, anodes are graphite-based materials because of the low cost and wide availability of carbon. Moreover, graphite is common in commercial LIBs because of its stability to accommodate the lithium insertion. The low thermal expansion of LIBs contributes to their stability to maintain their discharge/charge. . The name of current commercial LIBs originated from the lithium-ion donator in the cathode, which is the major determinant of battery performance. Generally, cathodes consist of a complex lithiated compound. . The electrolytes in LIBs are mainly divided into two categories, namely liquid electrolytes and semisolid/solid-state electrolytes. Usually, liquid electrolytes consist of lithium salts. . As aforementioned, in the electrical energy transformation process, grid-level energy storage systems convert electricity from a grid-scale power network into a storable form and convert it back into electrical energy once needed.. [pdf]

Apart from applications in electrical grids such as peak-shaving, load shifting, and dealing with intermittency of renewable generation, the review also shows a diverse range of other LAES applications through integration, including waste heat and cold energy recovery and utilisation, multi-energy vector service provision, and sector coupling for chemical production and carbon capture. [pdf]
There are three options available for the storage of energy on a large scale: liquid air energy storage (LAES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) [7, 8].
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is an effective solution for balancing this mismatch and therefore is suitable for use in future electrical systems to achieve a high penetration of renewable energy generation.
The adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) system has been proposed to improve the efficiency of the CAES plants and has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages including no fossil fuel consumption, low cost, fast start-up, and a significant partial load capacity .
Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a promising technology recently proposed primarily for large-scale storage applications. It uses cryogen, or liquid air, as its energy vector.
A comprehensive techno-economic analysis and multi-criteria optimization of a compressed air energy storage (CAES) hybridized with solar and desalination units. Energy Convers. Manag.2021, 236, 114053. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Compressed air is stored in underground caverns or up ground vessels , . The CAES technology has existed for more than four decades. However, only Germany (Huntorf CAES plant) and the United States (McIntosh CAES plant) operate full-scale CAES systems, which are conventional CAES systems that use fuel in operation , .
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